Oxytocin
Neuropeptide modulating social bonding, trust, and sexual arousal via oxytocin receptors.
Mechanism of Action
Oxytocin is a cyclic nonapeptide synthesized in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. It acts as both a neurotransmitter and hormone, binding to the oxytocin receptor (OXTR), a G protein-coupled receptor coupled to Gq/11. In the CNS, oxytocin modulates social recognition, bonding, and sexual arousal pathways. Peripherally, it stimulates uterine contraction and milk ejection. Its role in sexual function is mediated through central dopaminergic and opioid pathways in the hypothalamus and limbic system.
Evidence Level
Clinical Trial - Human
1 study published
Pharmacology
Molecular Weight
1007.19 Da
Half-Life
3-6 minutes (IV); ~30 min (intranasal)
Bioavailability
Low oral; intranasal approximately 1-5% CNS penetration