Pinealon
Pineal-derived tripeptide targeting CNS neuroprotection, cognition, and circadian regulation
Mechanism of Action
Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg; EDR) is a short bioregulatory tripeptide of pineal gland origin. It acts by penetrating neuronal cell nuclei and interacting with gene-regulatory elements — particularly DNA promoter sequences containing complementary nucleotide motifs — to modulate the expression of neuroprotective proteins. Key downstream effects include upregulation of anti-apoptotic signaling, reduction of oxidative stress markers, and restoration of circadian gene expression (including BMAL1 and Clock genes). In animal models, Pinealon has been shown to reduce markers of brain aging, improve spatial memory, and protect neurons from ischemic damage. Unlike Epithalon, Pinealon's primary site of action is neuronal rather than systemic.
Evidence Level
In Vivo - Animal
12 studies published
Pharmacology
Molecular Weight
417.4 Da
Half-Life
Short systemic half-life; CNS penetration documented in animal models
Bioavailability
Crosses blood-brain barrier; intranasal administration under investigation