KPV
A tripeptide derived from alpha-MSH, studied for anti-inflammatory signaling via NF-κB inhibition.
Mechanism of Action
Bioregulator compound with targeted biochemical activity.
Evidence Chain
KPV
COMPOUND
1 Research Goal
• Injury & Wound Healing
Evidence Strength
10 articles sourced
Knowledge Graph
(11 connections)Research Evidence
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Overview
KPV is a tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val) representing the C-terminal sequence of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). Despite its small size — only three amino acids — KPV has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory properties in preclinical research, making it one of the most potent anti-inflammatory peptides per molecular weight. KPV has been studied for its potential in inflammatory bowel disease, wound healing, and systemic inflammatory conditions.
Mechanism of Action
KPV exerts anti-inflammatory effects through multiple pathways. It inhibits the NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa B) signaling pathway, a central regulator of inflammatory gene expression, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6. KPV also modulates the function of immune cells, including macrophages and T cells, shifting the immune response from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory. Unlike alpha-MSH, KPV does not activate melanocortin receptors, meaning it lacks the pigmentation and cardiovascular effects of the parent hormone while retaining anti-inflammatory activity.
Research Highlights
Animal studies have demonstrated KPV's efficacy in models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with reductions in colonic inflammation and improved mucosal healing. Research has shown wound healing acceleration in skin injury models, with reduced inflammation and improved tissue repair. Studies have explored KPV's potential in systemic inflammatory conditions, including sepsis models where it showed protective effects. The oral bioavailability of KPV has been demonstrated in some studies, making it potentially suitable for oral administration in GI-focused research.
Dosage & Administration
In research, KPV has been administered via subcutaneous injection, oral, and intravenous routes at doses ranging from 0.5-5 mg per day in animal models. No standardized human dosing protocols exist. For research use only (RUO).
Safety Profile
Preclinical studies have reported favorable safety profiles, with no significant adverse effects at therapeutic doses. The lack of melanocortin receptor activity reduces the risk of side effects associated with alpha-MSH. Long-term safety data in humans is absent. Not approved by the FDA for any indication.
References
Brzoska T, et al. KPV and alpha-MSH anti-inflammatory effects. Endocr Rev. 2008. Moustafa MT, et al. KPV in inflammatory bowel disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013. Catania A, et al. Alpha-MSH peptides and inflammation. Pharmacol Rev. 2004. All content is for educational and research purposes only.
FDA 2026 Regulatory Update
As of April–June 2026, this compound was among the 14 peptides formally removed from the FDA's Category 2 restricted compounding list following review by the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (PCAC). This regulatory shift permits licensed compounding pharmacies to produce and dispense this compound under appropriate oversight, subject to final 503A Bulks List adjudication expected following the July 23–24, 2026 PCAC meeting. This does not constitute FDA approval for therapeutic use. All information on this page is for research purposes only.
Related Compounds
Synergy & Compatibility
(5)Computational assessment of bio-regulatory compatibility with compounds sharing research goals. Scores reflect half-life alignment, receptor target overlap, and bioavailability data.
Computational assessment based on available pharmacology data. Does not account for individual variability, dose-dependent effects, or unstudied interactions. For research use only.
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