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Recovery & Healing

Pentadecapeptide

The BPC compound class studied for gastrointestinal cytoprotection and systemic healing.

Mechanism of Action

Bioregulator compound with targeted biochemical activity.

Evidence Chain

Pentadecapeptide

COMPOUND

1 Research Goal

• Injury & Wound Healing

Evidence Strength

Clinical Trial

10 articles sourced

Knowledge Graph

(11 connections)
CompoundGoalArticleArticleArticle
Compound (Center)
Research Goal
Linked Article

Research Evidence

(10)

Ligandrol (LGD-4033): Evidence-Based Research Review

5 min

Ligandrol (LGD-4033), also known as VK5211, is a potent, non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) developed for the treatment of conditions characterized by muscle wasting and osteoporosis. As a SARM, it is designed to exert anabolic effects on skeletal muscle and bone while minimi

Clinical Trial

Clomiphene Citrate: Evidence-Based Research Review

6 min

Clomiphene citrate (CC) is a non-steroidal triphenylethylene derivative classified as a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM). Originally developed for the induction of ovulation in women with anovulatory infertility, it has become a cornerstone of reproductive medicine. CC operates as a race

Clinical Trial

Tamoxifen Citrate: Evidence-Based Research Review

6 min

Tamoxifen citrate is a non-steroidal triphenylethylene derivative and the prototypic Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM). Originally developed as a contraceptive, it has become a cornerstone in the treatment and prophylaxis of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Tamoxifen exhibi

Clinical Trial

Oxandrolone: Evidence-Based Research Review

6 min

Oxandrolone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-2-oxa-5α-androstan-3-one) is a synthetic oral anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) derived from dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Characterized by a unique substitution of an oxygen atom for the carbon at the C-2 position in the A-ring, oxandrolone exhibits a high anabolic-

Clinical Trial

Nandrolone Decanoate: Evidence-Based Research Review

6 min

Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is a long-acting injectable ester of the anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) nandrolone (19-nortestosterone). Characterized by a high anabolic-to-androgenic ratio, ND has been utilized clinically for decades to treat conditions involving protein catabolism, bone density loss,

Clinical Trial

Methenolone Enanthate: Evidence-Based Research Review

6 min

Methenolone enanthate is a long-acting injectable anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) derived from dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Characterized by a 1-methyl modification and a 2-oxo group, it exhibits a high anabolic-to-androgenic ratio and is notable for its inability to aromatize into estrogen. Origina

Clinical Trial

BPC-157 and Tissue Repair Signaling Pathways

9 min

Comprehensive review of BPC-157 mechanisms in tissue repair, angiogenesis, and mucosal healing.

Clinical Trial

Thymalin: Thymic Peptide Immunomodulation — Clinical and Translational Evidence

6 min

Thymalin is a thymus-derived peptide preparation used clinically in several countries for immunomodulation. This review summarizes the translational and clinical evidence supporting its use in immune restoration.

Peer-Reviewed

Andarine (S-4): Evidence-Based Research Review

5 min

Andarine (also known as S-4 or GTx-007) is an early-generation, nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) belonging to the aryl propionamide class. Developed initially for the treatment of conditions such as muscle wasting and osteoporosis, Andarine demonstrates high affinity for the

Preclinical

Boldenone Undecylenate: Evidence-Based Research Review

6 min

Boldenone undecylenate, a synthetic derivative of testosterone originally developed for veterinary use, is a long-acting injectable anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS). Characterized by a double bond between the C1 and C2 positions, the compound exhibits a favorable ratio of anabolic to androgenic act

Preclinical

Overview

Pentadecapeptide refers to the BPC (Body Protection Compound) class of 15-amino-acid peptides studied for gastrointestinal cytoprotection and systemic healing. This compound class, exemplified by BPC-157, was originally identified in human gastric juice and has been the subject of extensive preclinical research exploring its remarkable protective and healing properties across multiple organ systems.

Mechanism of Action

The pentadecapeptide class acts through multiple mechanisms to promote tissue healing and cytoprotection. These peptides upregulate VEGF expression, promoting angiogenesis and blood vessel formation in damaged tissue. They modulate the nitric oxide system and prostaglandin pathway, contributing to anti-inflammatory effects. They promote fibroblast migration, collagen synthesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling — key processes in wound healing. In the gastrointestinal tract, they demonstrate mucosal protective effects through mechanisms involving prostaglandin cytoprotection and nitric oxide signaling.

Research Highlights

Studies have demonstrated the pentadecapeptide class's efficacy in healing gastrointestinal conditions, including ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease, and fistulas. Research has shown broad-spectrum tissue healing effects, including tendon, ligament, muscle, bone, and skin repair. Studies demonstrated neuroprotective effects, with behavioral and cognitive improvements in brain injury models. The compound class has shown protective effects on the liver, pancreas, and other organ systems. Over 300 preclinical studies have established the broad therapeutic potential of this peptide class.

Dosage & Administration

In animal research, pentadecapeptides have been administered via subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection, and oral routes at doses typically ranging from 2-10 mcg/kg body weight. For research use only (RUO).

Safety Profile

Preclinical toxicity studies have reported no significant adverse effects at therapeutic doses. LD50 has not been reached in tested animal models. No human clinical trials have been completed to establish safety in humans. Long-term safety data is absent. Not approved by the FDA for any indication.

References

Sikiric P, et al. BPC 157 and tissue healing. Curr Pharm Des. 2018. Sikiric P, et al. BPC 157 and GI protection. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2016. Over 300 peer-reviewed preclinical studies. All content is for educational and research purposes only.

Synergy & Compatibility

(5)

Computational assessment of bio-regulatory compatibility with compounds sharing research goals. Scores reflect half-life alignment, receptor target overlap, and bioavailability data.

View full comparison matrix

Computational assessment based on available pharmacology data. Does not account for individual variability, dose-dependent effects, or unstudied interactions. For research use only.

Community Observations

(0)

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Research Use Only

For research use only. Not medical advice.

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