Humanin
The first peptide discovered to be encoded within mitochondrial DNA. Studied for neuroprotection and insulin sensitivity.
Mechanism of Action
Bioregulator compound with targeted biochemical activity.
Evidence Chain
Humanin
COMPOUND
1 Research Goal
• Anti-Aging & Longevity
Evidence Strength
8 articles sourced
Knowledge Graph
(9 connections)Research Evidence
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Overview
Humanin is a 24-amino-acid peptide that holds the distinction of being the first peptide discovered to be encoded within mitochondrial DNA. Identified in 2001 by researchers at the University of Southern California, Humanin was initially discovered for its neuroprotective properties against Alzheimer's disease-related toxicity. Its mitochondrial origin and cytoprotective functions have made it a significant focus in aging and neurodegeneration research.
Mechanism of Action
Humanin exerts its effects through multiple pathways. It binds to and antagonizes the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, preventing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and cytochrome c release. Humanin also interacts with the IGFBP-3 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3) receptor and the gp130/IL-6R receptor complex, activating protective signaling cascades including JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways. Additionally, Humanin has been shown to interact with the formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects. These mechanisms collectively promote cell survival under stress conditions.
Research Highlights
Studies have demonstrated Humanin's neuroprotective effects against amyloid-beta toxicity, making it a research target for Alzheimer's disease. Animal studies have shown that Humanin levels decline with age, and that supplementation can improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and extend lifespan in some models. Research has explored its potential in cardiovascular disease, where Humanin has shown protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Studies have also demonstrated Humanin's role in regulating insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis, connecting it to metabolic disease research.
Dosage & Administration
In research, Humanin has been administered via subcutaneous and intravenous routes in animal models. No standardized human dosing protocols exist. For research use only (RUO).
Safety Profile
Preclinical studies have reported favorable safety profiles, with no significant adverse effects at therapeutic doses. Long-term safety data in humans is absent. Not approved by the FDA for any indication.
References
Hashimoto Y, et al. Discovery of Humanin. Science. 2001. Lee C, et al. Humanin and longevity. Aging. 2013. Muzumdar RH, et al. Humanin and insulin sensitivity. PLoS One. 2009. All content is for educational and research purposes only.
Related Compounds
Synergy & Compatibility
(5)Computational assessment of bio-regulatory compatibility with compounds sharing research goals. Scores reflect half-life alignment, receptor target overlap, and bioavailability data.
Computational assessment based on available pharmacology data. Does not account for individual variability, dose-dependent effects, or unstudied interactions. For research use only.
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